The Immigration Of The United States - 1380 Words

George W. Bush once said, â€Å"I’ve seen what immigrant families add to our country. They bring the values that made us a great nation to begin with.† In light of the recent presidential election, more and more attention has been brought to the question of what to do with the influx of illegal immigrants coming from the southern border. Most of America’s undocumented population has traveled a treacherous journey from Latin American countries and through the southern border. Many politicians have proposed a mass deportation of up to eleven million of these workers without thinking of the possible repercussions. Though it seems that illegal immigrants hurt the country from an economic standpoint, they are essential to the success of the American†¦show more content†¦People who are constantly victim to gang-related violence in their own country look outward towards a more peaceful state where they can escape their catastrophic fate. And while it is true th at there are some ill intentioned people who also cross the border within the group of those trying to escape attacks at home, most of the immigrants that travel come to the United States with ambitions of creating a safe environment for their families. Another study conducted by the same organization discovered that Hondurans were overwhelmingly cognizant of the security America has instituted in order to keep out the illegal immigrants, the higher rates of expulsion, and the risks of illicitly traveling to the United States (Hiskey et al.). Many people are aware that their migration northward could cause the same fatality that they were seeking to escape. They also Additionally, they know about the possibility of rejection by the United States when they do cross the border, yet they are willing to battle against all odds due to the sliver of hope they see in potentially having bright futures for themselves and their families. Those who have successfully combated the overwhelming odds set against them, should not be ripped of their dream of creating a stable and safe environment for themselves. WhileShow MoreRelatedImmigration And The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration in the United States continues to increase rapidly year by year. According to an analysis of monthly Census Bureau data by the Center for Immigration Studies, the immigration population in the United States, both legal and illegal, hit a record of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014 (CIS.org). Clearly, Immigrants make up a large part of the population in the United States, and for most immigrants, migrating to theRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1399 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Faed English 126 Immigration in the United States The United States of America, being a country established by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants are the people whoRead MoreImmigration And The United States965 Words   |  4 Pages Immigration is a highly controversial and big problem in the United States today. â€Å"While some characterize our immigration crisis as solely an issue of the 11 to 12 million unauthorized immigrants living in this country, our problems extend beyond the number of undocumented people to a broader range of issues. The lack of a comprehensive federal solution has created a slew of lopsided, enforcement-only initiatives that have cost the country billions of dollars while failing to end un authorizedRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe vast majority of people living in the United States are descendants of immigrants, and yet majority of them are against them. It is quickly forgotten that America was built on immigrants that wanted a new life. A life free from harsh government, and the freedom from forced religion. The original settlers were immigrants that stole this land; immigrants continued to come for years. It is not a newly constructed concept that immigrants have always been a problem, ask any Native American. One usedRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1064 Words   |  5 Pages Camarota (2007, p.1), director of the Immigration Studies Center, reports there are 1.6 million documented and undocumented migrants take up residence in the United States every year. Camarota goes on to say that the immigrants occupy one-eighth of the total population who settled in the U.S. The flood of aliens, to a significant degree, hinders the development of the United States. Therefore, the issues which relate to immigration must not be neglected, and the government should keep the numberRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration has been a large conversation topic for such a long time in our country. We have worked on policies for immigration, and have made changes to them throughout the duration of our country’s existence. This topic is always worth mentioning and important, but has become a bigger topic once again due to presidential elections and the conversations being had about immigration from said elections. It is not necessarily easily seen if the concern with immigration is who is here legally or limitingRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1565 Words   |  7 PagesA native of Mexico, Gonzalez came to the United States using a visa, to visit family members and in 1994, police convicted Gonzalez of the abduction and rape of a Waukegan, Illinois woman. During his conviction his attorney, Vanessa Potkin, addressed that at twenty years old, Gonzalez spoke very little English, had no criminal record, and yet the police wanted to pin the crime on him. Twenty years later, DNA from the crime cleared him of both charges, and Gonzalez is now threatened with deportationRead MoreImmigration : The United States1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States is a popular and powerful which many people admire. It is very true that the country prospect and is more enrich. O pening the border might improve the economy or can impact the job market for American citizens. It is the jobs of American citizens to be given more to this illegal immigrant. I believe the U.S. borders should remain closed. While it is clear that opening the borders can have benefits, I believe it is more important to keep jobs available for Americans. In my opinionRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 PagesFrench and European to settle in the New World. Since the colonial era, America has seen a wave of immigrants migrate in search of freedom and equality. Is this the same immigration today? Nearly 11.6 million immigrants from Mexico reside in the U.S. Today Immigration has a significant impact on many aspects of life in the United States, from the workforce and the classroom to communities across the country. Not all immigrants come to America legally whether as naturalized citizens, legal permanent residents

Essay on Police Brutality - 1571 Words

Throughout history, efforts to police society have been flawed by brutality in one way or another. Police Brutality exists in many countries and is only one of several forms of police misconduct. Abuse by law enforcement officers in the United States is one of the most serious human rights violations in the country. Police officers have engaged in unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal chokings, and unnecessarily rough treatment. The history of police brutality is cyclical, going through phases of violence, corruption, and reform. Police brutality is the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks, and threats by police officers and other law enforcement officers. The targets of the violence are usually the poor, the†¦show more content†¦The Constitution is designed to ensure that no one individual or agency can become powerful enough to usurp the rights and freedoms guaranteed under the Constitution. The Fourth Amendment ensures that we each have the rig ht to be secure in our persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable search and seizures. Under the Eighth Amendment, even if a person is a convicted incarcerated prisoner, he has the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment. The Fourteenth Amendment allows us all not to be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. The police are in place to ensure us these rights and protect harm to individuals or to society. The case of police brutality against Abner Louima is one of the worst in history. Louima is a Haitian immigrant who was assaulted and brutalized by New York City police officers after being arrested outside of a Brooklyn night club in 1997. That night, Louima visited a popular night club after work. Late in the night he and several men interceded in a fight between two women. The police were called and several officers from the 70th Precinct were dispatched to the scene. Outside of the club, there was a confrontation between poli ce officers, patrons, and bystanders involved in the scuffle. For reasons that remain unclear, Officer Justin Volpe thought he was â€Å"sucker-punched† by Louima and arrested him on chargesShow MoreRelatedA Report On Police Brutality1367 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name Instructor Date Course Police Brutality There is various forms of human rights violation currently in the United States, however; Police abuse remains the most serious of them all. Police brutality is, therefore, the use of excessive force or even unnecessary force by the police while they are dealing with civilians. People are left wondering if the police are doing the jobs they were appointed to do under the law. They act in ways such as the use of guns and pepper sprays to intimidateRead MorePolice Brutality1569 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive/Policy/Problem/Cause/Solution Central Idea/Thesis: Police brutality should be regulated with greater strength and objectivity. INTRODUCTION I. Police brutality is constantly made known to us all through mass media, but I hadn’t ever taken the time to truly grasp the severity of it until it hit close to home. A. Three weeks ago, a close family friend was brutally beaten in front of his children at a family gathering by the police. B. My purpose is to persuade my audience that police brutality should be regulated with greaterRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages Police brutality refers to the use of excessive force against a civilian. The controversies that surround the topic of police brutality relate to different definitions and expectations over what is meant by excessive force. Indeed, police officers are expressly authorized to use necessary, reasonable force to perform their duties. As Jerome Skolnick, an influential police scholar in the United States, underscores: â€Å"as long as members of society do not comply with the law and resist the police, forceRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police851 Words   |  4 Pagesthe police, your opinion may vary. Let me ask you a question about our police force. But keep this in mind, in October 2015 alone, there was 81 deaths by the police. With that being said, who’s to protect us from whose protecting the block? I don t care who you are, you have to be able to realize nowadays that the police brutality is getting out of hand, that the power surge is growing and growing. Look around, there s an increase of civilians death via cops, an increase of reports of police wrongdoingRead MorePolice Brutality2853 Words   |  12 PagesPolice Protality: Introduction Police brutality has been and continues to be of major concern in society. First of all, police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks or slurs, and threats by any law enforcement officer. Efforts to police communities, throughout history, have been tainted by brutality ans abuse of power to some degree. The term police brutality is commonly used very loosely to any and all forms of policeRead MorePolice Brutality1263 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Police Brutality Did you know that Police brutality is the intentional use of excessive force, usually physical, but potentially also in the form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by a police officer? Despite major improvements in police practices (since 1981) reports of alleged police misconduct and abuse continue to spread through the nation. Police Brutality still goes on around the world today with improvements of enforcing police brutality in police departments. There haveRead MorePolice Brutality1865 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Police Brutality is Prevalent Background Information Over the recent years, police have been one of the organizations to be associated with the largest cases of misconduct. Police brutality can be termed as the process of misuse and abuse of authority by the police. The rising cases of police brutality are causing more harm to the public, compared to the actions perpetrated by real criminals. Although police claim that it’s sometimes necessary to curb crime, the process is illegal and police officersRead MorePolice Brutality Over The Years1458 Words   |  6 PagesIt feels as if nothing has changed about police brutality over the years. The usual cycle is that juries acquit the police, cops get their jobs back, and brutality happens again. One of the most broadcasted cases of police brutality, was the beating of Rodney King. On the night of March 2, 1991, a bystander named George Holiday, videotaped the moment when five officers used excess force on an African American man named Rodney King, beating him with batons as he strugg led on the ground. Also, it wasRead MorePolice Misconduct and Police Brutality985 Words   |  4 Pages We hear about police misconduct case and wonder, Why don’t they do anything to stop this? Many say that we should keep the police officers’ perspective in mind. Others say that these actions are due to racism or post 9/11 paranoia. Whatever the excuse may be for these cases, there should be no need for violence anywhere. Police brutality videos go viral and reveal to the world that it actually happens and that it may happen to you too. This pervades people with fear and anger because theirRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police1585 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality and office involved shootings have sparked national debate and created a strain between police officers and citizens. Recently, there have been more home videos that display acts of aggression by police officers. These police officers often use excessive forces or a condescending tone towards people of color which is why there needs to be a better way to mend police and civilian relationship. Peopl e should be able to trust the police in their communities rather than fear them. Police

candidate speech Essay Example For Students

candidate speech Essay Candidate SpeechWinning isnt everything; its the only thing! By saying this I dont mean winning the playoff basketball game or even receiving the gold medal in the Olympics, instead I am speaking about winning in life. We are all faced with our own challenges, whether they are big or small, as an individual or in a group. It is important that we face these challenges with open minds and pure hearts. Today, members of Business Professionals of America, you are presented with a challenge, a challenge of electing your new state officers. This decision is not to be taken lightly. Our organization needs someone who will stand up for what is right and lead Texas on to success. As a candidate for state officer I am also running in one of lifes races. Although everyone in this race runs, only few receive the prize. As an athlete undergoes discipline and strict training for his race, I have also strictly trained and disciplined myself for this position I am running for. I run straight toward the goal with purpose and strength in each step, hoping to win the race. If you elect me as your state officer, then I would be presented with a new race, one which requires hard work and dedication, which I am fully capable of. I want to focus on forgetting the past, which is now behind us, and instead look forward to what lies ahead for our organization. I am ready to step up as your leader, but the future of Business Professionals of America lies in your hands and it is now up to you to choose a winning group of leaders for the upcoming year. When you are making your decision remember: Youll win with me, vote Allison Lee.

Management Behavior Memo free essay sample

As requested this memo is a summary of behaviors managers will need to implement if he or she has not already implemented the changes. The changes will affect the behaviors management and leaders must exhibit daily to ensure the productivity of the employees. The most important behavior is the attitude of the managers and leaders of the company, a high level of optimism should be displayed at all times. The upcoming merger and next few months will make some employees uneasy about his or her position in the company; however, if the staff can see the leaders with a positive attitude it then trickles down to the other staff members. (Shelar, N. 2009). â€Å"Rude behavior of managers creates an atmosphere of mistrust and fear, and as a consequence has a negative impact on productivity and also increases the operational cost (Manager Behavior and Productivity, Para 4). When an employee loses trust in the managers discontent begins to arise rumors begin to appear, employees begin to call in sick or try to take more time off than normal. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Behavior Memo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company cannot effectively do business when the workforce is constantly off work for one reason or the other; therefore, it is imperative that the managers create an atmosphere of trust and openness. A good leader finds a way to create a favorable work environment in which employees will produce to the best of his or her ability. In moving forward, I suggest adding extra staff for the compliance department as well as the human resource department. Each of these departments will have additional work that must be done in order for a smooth transition to occur. Each member of the management team will be trained on workplace diversity, employment laws and other hiring practices. Workplace diversity training will be given throughout every part of the company; the sales staff will find the training especially helpful when going on other worksite to sell our products and services. Employment laws will be helpful to the sales staff while on other work sites. The laws will serve as a guideline of how to speak,

Autocorrelation (Econometrics)

Autocorrelation (Econometrics) Free Online Research Papers Autocorrelation can be defined as correlation between the variables of some observations at different points of time if it is about a â€Å" time series data†, or it will be correlation between the variables of some observations at different space if it is about â€Å" cross sectional data†. The classical linear regression model (CLRM) according to the regression context does not exist in the error (ui) this can be written in this form E(uiuj) = 0 i ? j The classical model have an assumption saying that the disturbance of a certain observation does not change or be effected from the disturbances of any other observations, but if the equation was like this: E(uiuj) ? 0 i ? j then in this case the disturbance in a certain observation can be affected by the disturbance in other observations. When the autocorrelation is calculated, the number that results can fall between +1 and -1. When the result is autocorrelation of +1 this means that perfect positive correlation which explains that an increase that happens in one time series will result an increase proportional to the other time series, while if the result was -1 this means that perfect negative correlation occurs and this explains that if an increase happened in one time series the results will be proportionate decrease in the other time series. This type of value can be used in a useful way for computing for security analysis. For example, â€Å"if you know a stock historically has a high positive autocorrelation value and you witnessed the stock making solid gains over the past several days, you might reasonably expect the movements over the upcoming several days (the leading time series) to match those of the lagging time series and to move upwards.† There are some consequences if we used OLS while the presence of autocorrelation, the estimators of the OLS will be still linear unbiased as well as â€Å" consistent† and â€Å"asymptotically† normally distributed, but they will not be efficient any more, the same thing also happens with the heteroscedasticity. There are four methods to detect the autocorrelation which are: Graphical Method The Runs Test Durbin-Watson d test A general test for autocorrelation: the Breusch-Godfrey or (BG) test Let’s talk about each one separately The first is the graphical method: â€Å" the assumption of non autocorrelation of the classical model relates to the population disturbance ut , they are not directly observable, but instead of them we have their proxies ?t which we can obtain by using the normal OLS steps.† There are a lot of ways to examine the residual, the easiest is that we can plot them against time and this is called â€Å" Time sequence plot† also we can plot the â€Å" Standardized Residual† against time, the standardized residuals are not the real residuals they are the samples which are made like this â€Å"?t â€Å" their values are always pure numbers and we can make a comparison between it and the standardized residual of another regression. The second is the â€Å" Run Test† and sometimes it is called â€Å"Geary test which is a â€Å" test that we make no assumption about the distribution from which the observations are drawn or it is called a non parametric test† : this occurs when the set of data that we are working on is divided in to negative and positive observations, then in this data we will find several residuals that are positive and another several residuals that are negative. The run is defined as â€Å" an un interrupted sequence of one simple† which means that for example if we have in the observation ten positive numbers under each other then they are in a set alone and then we had eleven negative numbers they will be in a set alone and then we had another five positive numbers so this will be another set and not added to the other positive set they are written like this: (++++) () (+++++++) The runs length is determined through the number of elements inside every set for example in the example here we have three runs the first is containing four pluses the second is containing six minuses and the third run is containing seven pluses. â€Å" One can derive a test of randomness of runs, by examining how runs behave in a strictly random sequence of observations.† We must look to the number of runs that we have for instance in the previous example they are consisting of three runs and seventeen observations. â€Å" we must look if this is too many or too few compared with the number of runs expected in a strictly random sequence of seventeen observations.† â€Å" if it is consisting of too many runs it means that the residual changes signs a lot so the indicates negative serial correlation, and if they were containing of very few runs they may suggest positive auto correlation.† There are some shortcuts that are done to make things become easier which are: â€Å" N: Total number of observations = N1+N2† â€Å" N1: Number of the plus residuals† â€Å" N2: Number of minus residuals† â€Å" R: Number of runs† â€Å" Under the null hypothesis the successive outcomes are independent and we make an assumption that N1 > 10 and N2 > 10† â€Å" Mean: E(R) = (2 N1N2 )/N+ 1† â€Å" Variance: ?_(R= (2N_(1 N_(2 ( 2 N_1 N_2-N)) ))/((?N)?^2 (N-1)))^2† The third is the â€Å" Durbin Watson d test† it is the most known test for getting the serial correlation and it is defined in the following equation: d = (?_(t=2)^(t=1)(?t-t ?_(-1))^2 ?)/(?_(t=1)^(t=n)t ?^2 ) This equation is the â€Å" ratio of the sum of squared differences in successive residuals to the RSS† the number that we get from the numerator of the â€Å" d statistic† equation is â€Å" n-1†. There is a great advantage of the â€Å" d statistic† which is that it is â€Å" based on the estimated residual, which are calculated in the regression analysis.† There are six assumptions used in the d-statistic which are: â€Å" The regression model includes the intercept term. Sometimes it is not presented as in the case of the regression through the origin, it is essential to rerun the regression including the intercept term to obtain the RSS† â€Å" The explanatory variables are non stochastic or fixed in repeated sampling.† â€Å" The disturbance are generated by the first order autoregressive scheme: ut = put-1+?_t. Therefore it cannot be used to detect higher order autoregressive schemes. â€Å" The error term ut is assumed to be normally distributed.† â€Å" The regression model does not include the lagged values of the dependent variable as one of the explanatory variables.† â€Å" There are no missing observations in the data.† There is a line that is from 0 till d From o till dL â€Å" Reject Ho evidence of positive autocorrelation.† From dL till dU â€Å"Zone of indecision† From dU till 2 and from 2 till 4-dU we do not reject H0 or H0* or both From 4 – du till 4 – dL: â€Å" is called the zone of indecision. From 4 – dL till 4 reject H0* evidence of negative autocorrelation. There is a rule that says H0: No positive autocorrelation and H0*: No negative autocorrelation. There are some rules that we have to define from it:Type equation here. p ?= ((U_(t ) ) ?(U_t ) ?-1?)/((U_t^2 ) ? ) By using the previous equation we can say that d?2(1-p ?) There is another equation says -1 ? p ? 1 implies that o ? d ? 4 any estimated d value must lie between these limits. In the first equation if p ? = 0, d = 2, this is only in the case if there is no serial correlation, then d is expected to be 2, if d was 2 in an application then there is an assumption that can be made that â€Å" there is no first order autocorrelation, either positive or negative, if p ? was +1 this indicates perfect positive correlation in the residuals. When d is closer to zero this means that the evidence of positive serial correlation is great, and if there is autocorrelation the residuals will be bunched together and their differences will therefore tend to be small, and as a result of this the numerator some of squares will be smaller in comparison with denominator sum of squares, if p ? was -1 this means that there is a negative correlation among successive residuals, d?4 the closer the d to 4 the greater the evidence of negative serial correlation. After we assume the assumptions that are listed above then we can go in the procedures of Durbin Watson test correctly which are: â€Å" Run the OLS regression and obtain the residuals.† â€Å" Calculate d from d = (?_(t=2)^(t=1)(?t-t ?_(-1))^2 ?)/(?_(t=1)^(t=n)t ?^2 ) and this is a step that most of the computers do.† â€Å" For the given sample size and the given numbers of explanatory variables find out the critical dL and dU variables.† The fourth and last one is the Breusch Godfrey or (BG) test: It is a test that is made to not do the wrong things that happened in the Durbin Watson test of autocorrelation, and this test allows â€Å" no stochastic repressors such as the lagged values of the regressand, and higher order autoregressive scheme.† Y = B1 + B2Xt +Ut Assume that the error term (Ut) is as follows: Ut =P1Ut-1 + P2Ut-2 ¬ + †¦+ PpUt-p + ?t The Ho that is going to be tested is P1 = P2 = †¦ = Pp = 0 The Breusch Godfrey test steps is like this: â€Å"Estimate Y = B1 + B2Xt +Ut by OLS and obtain the residual.† â€Å" regress Ut on the original Xt.† â€Å" if the sample size is large (BG) have shown that: (n – p)R2~ X2p There are many tests for autocorrelation because there is â€Å" no particular test has yet been judjed to be unequivocally best and thus the analysts are still in the unenviable position of considering a varied collection of test procedures for detecting the presence or structure or both of autocorrelation.† There are some steps that we have to do when we find autocorrelation the first is to try to find out if the autocorrelation is â€Å"pure autocorrelation† and not as a result of mis-specification of the model, the second thing is that it was â€Å"pure autocorrelation appropriate transformation of the original model can be used, because in the transformed model we do not have the problem of pure autocorrelation, the third thing is â€Å" in a large sample we can use the newly west method to obtain standard error of OLS estimators that are corrected for autocorrelation.† The fourth and last thing is that â€Å"in some situations we can continue to use the OLS method† Research Papers on Autocorrelation (Econometrics)Research Process Part OneStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Fifth HorsemanThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

My Career Goals Written Communication COM 299

My Career Goals Written Communication COM 299 AbstractIn 2002, the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy said over 70% of enlisted personnel who are promoted to the rank of Chief Petty Officer (E7), Senior Chief Petty Officer (E8), or Master Chief Petty Officer (E9) in today's Naval Service have a college degree. It is my firm belief that an Associate of Art's Degree will assist me in being promoted to my next higher pay grade, provide my children with a father who is more confident assisting with their school work, and help me obtain a better paying position in the civilian community after my Naval career.How an Associate of Art's Degree Contributes to My Career GoalsWhen I joined the Navy in 1981, having a degree was not as important as it is today. During recent years, however, having a degree of higher education is very important for promotion in all branches of the military, especially the Navy.In today's Navy, sailors are enlisting with associate and bachelor degrees. If smarter sailors are entering the military, so the l eaders of today's Navy have to be smarter as well. In order to keep up with the personnel joining the military today, I need to have a college degree. An associate of art's degree will help me keep up with my junior personnel. It will also assist me in promotion, and will allow me to articulate my thoughts more clearly, concisely, and effectively with other educated people.Approximately 70% of all personnel promoted from the enlisted ranks of the Navy have some form of higher education or a degree. If I did not obtain the same level of education as my subordinates, I would not be as effective a leader. If I fail selection to the next higher pay grade, an associate degree will afford me...

Customer Relation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Relation Management - Essay Example The incident reported by Christina Pazzanese of Boston Globe, recounts a dissatisfying service in getting a train-delay refund attributed to slow and inefficient customer service. Considering the amount involved in a train refund, it is relevantly cheap; however, such dissatisfaction breeds anger and frustration on the part of the client. The problem is service related. According to Bowen et. al., â€Å"customers also care about fair treatment in connection with two service experiences they might have – the service delivery itself [†¦] and what the business does to recover when customers are disappointed by the service delivery.† (1999). It is thereby essential that when first service encounter with the customer fails, a recovery step should be carried out to ensure that the expected obligation by the client is fulfilled. In the case of Pazzanese’s report, the first service encounter has already failed whereby the train is behind schedule. From such a dissat isfying service, the company attempts to compensate by providing a refund. The refund procedure is another failure because of the long delay that client had to wait therefore defeating the purpose of service recovery. Adding to such discomfort is a series of complaints relayed by the client such as the missing indication of date and time of the refund in the notification slip to identify the specific period and separate one delay refund from another and the lack of rejection notice sent to the client to notify client of the reason for the rejection.